Art of paper bags and method of producing the same



March 10, 1931. jl D CRAMER ET AL l1,795,838

ART O1 lPAPER BAGS AND METHOD O" PRODUCING THE SAME Filed Sept. l2, 1929l l "u Hur* R5ER5 T'MM, MWA. 7

ATTORN EY Patented Mar. r10, 1 931 UNITED sTA'rEs lPATEN'I," OFFICEJOSEPH D. CBAMER AND ALBERT ROGERS, 0F GOSHEN, INDIANA, ASSIGNORS T0 THEC HASE BAG COMPANY, OF NEW YOIEtK,

N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE i BT OIF-PAPER BAGS AND METHOD OFPRODUGING THE SAME Application filed September 12, 1929. Serial No.392,109.

This invention relates to paper bags, and a method of producing thesame, and the primary object of the invention is to provide a strong anddurable open mesh bag made of colored strands of paper treated and/wovenin the mode and manner hereinafter de,- scribed, whereby perishablegoods, such as fruits, vegetables, etc., ma be openly stored andpreserved, and safely iandled and transported in bulk. The constructionof the bag, and the steps taken to produce the same, provide anopen-work receptacle or container having walls of substantial durabilityand strength, notwithstanding that the material is paper and coarselywoven to provide open meshes of relatively large area. Wide open meshesare employed to display the goods plainly and visibly in their naturalstate and colors and to freely ventilate and expose the goods to lightand air. The strands in the open mesh fabric are also colored toheighten or modify the natural color of the goods when viewed throughthe open meshes. For example, oran es, or fruits, not fully ripened, aredisplaye more invitingly and attractively, when packed for handling andshipment in an open work bag madev of red and tan colored strands ofpaper. The colored strands are fast weathering colors to avoid spottingor tainting of the goods, especially edible goods brought in'to contactduring shipment with the meshes of the bag. The paper strands are alsotreated to repel moisture and water and to withstand exposure to allkinds of Weather without deteriorating or weakening appreciably, havingin mind'in that connection that these open-work bags are also relativelylarge and .called upon when both wet and dry to carry heavy loads. Thetreatment of the paper strands and the particular steps involved inWeaving the fabric have the following object in view also,- that of'reducing a fiat stilly-pliable open mesh fa ric, in Which,the warp andweft strands of pa er will be firmly interlocked in widelyspace unionand capable of resisting displacement or disarrangement when the bag isbeing made, used and handled. The warp strands are also stiffer or lesspliable than the weft strands in the nal product or shape under repeatedhandling, and the woven walls are tough and strong and possess resilientor spring properties, `notwithstand- Ving that the. bag is merely anopen net-work composed entirely of paper.

As an exemplification of a bag made and constructed according to ourinvention, reference may' be had to the accompanying drawing, in whichFig. 1 represents a side view of a completed bag; Fig. 2 a sectionalview longitudinally thereof; Fig'. 3 a sectional view transversely ofthe bag; Fig. 4 a larger detail view of a small portion of the wovenfabric; and Fig. 5 an enlarged side elevation of a twisted paper strandsuch as used in producing the bag fabric.

The rst steps taken involve the making of threads or strands ofsubstantial tensile strength from thin flat strips 2 of paperapproximately one-eighth to vone-fourthof an inch in width. Preferablythe paper stock contains only a limited amount of sizing, as

an excess of sizing is detrimental to the final product. The strip hasthe same natural color,.as the stock, before spinning it into a strand,and to obtain durable and quite brilliant colors, and also uniformcoloring results, the paper strip is treated and inipregnated with acolored solution co-incdcntly with the spinning operations.

Thus the strip is unwound from a reel, and y as it is being twisted orspun intov around thread or strand it is colored or dyed', using anysuitable spinning machine for the urpose. yThe spinning of the strip touni orm diameter or thickness,-without breakage, is

' promoted by impregnating or saturating the strip of paper with acolored solution while it is passing rapidly from the reel to a bobbinor spool carrledby a rapidly revolving spindle. l l v p y.

A preferred spinning solution consists of an aqueous composit1oncontaining soap emulsied with a preservative oil composed of: naturallycerides, in .any suitablef proportions, inc uding a phenolconcentrated dye ofany desired color.

the solution imparts water repellent proper-I ties to the strand andpromotes the spinning of the strip into a strand of uniform size strandsfor the weft.

and tensile strength.

The twisted strand is in a moist or wet state when wound under tensionon the spool or bobbin of the spinning machine. Consequently, the strandremains under tension and will not unravel or untwist when it ispermitted to dry,on the spool or bobbin. However, it may be wound undertension upon a reel, without unraveling, to permit immediate use'thereofin its wet. or damp state.

The next steps taken involve the weaving of the dry and moiststrandstogether before the latter have dried and set. Weaving proceedson any suitable weaving machine, using the moist strands for the warp,andthe dry In producing a varicolored mesh of natural and coloredstrands,

such as tan and red strands, the colored drv spaced relation.

strands a are used for the weft, and the wet strands b of natural colorare used for the warp. Accordingly, the respective strands are notweakened or easily broken in weaving operations, and later otheradvantages accrue.

Thus thernoist warp strands of twisted paper are stretched and undertension durv ing weaving operations, and the colored dry strands oftwisted paper are passed back and forth by the shuttle between the Awarpstrandsl to produce the weft or woof. In interlacing or weaving thestrands together the wet warp will buckle or bend sharply and readilyand the dry Woof or weft strand will embed itself in the wet strand. Inthat way a wide open mesh may be made and the crossed strandsinterlocked in uniformly Then this openly woven fabric composed ofinterlaced dry and wet lstrands. is wound fairly tigh ly in a roll, thewarp strand being wound spirally in the roll. WVhen so rolled the wetwarp strands of twisted paper are permitted to dry, and in drying theycontract and become stiffer than the colored weft or Woof strands. Thusthe tension of the warp strands is enhanced and have greater inherenttension than the weft strands, and all the strands become more tightlyinterlocked than when first woven. Consequently, when the mesh fabric isunrolled and handled in a dry flat state preparatory to arid alsosubsequent to the making of a bag therefrom, the interlaced strandswithstand handlin and use without material relative disp acement of thestrands, or change "in the size` of the interspaces or open places. Thisopen mesh fabric is stifHy flexible and will lie fiat so 'poseshereinbefore explained.

weft strands a and across the warp strands b. Preferably the cut ed esare turned inwardly to form flaps or lfolds c which may be placed faceto face and sewed together to provide a fourply seam 4 at opposite sidesof the folded material. The selvedges bor` der the open mouth of thebag, and the warp strandsl extend transversely of the bag. Thus in a tanand red colored bag, the red colored weft strands a extend lengthwise ofthe bag, and the warp strands b of tan extend across the bag.

The red or colored weft strands a in the finished bag B are more pliablethan the vwarp strands I), and the warp strands are stiffer and possessgreater spri orrecoil properties than the colored weft strands. However,both strands are water repellent and possess such inherent toughnessandv tensile strength that a bag made and constructed as describedherein will bear heavy loads without bursting, notwithstanding that thebag walls are composed of twisted strands' of paper separated asubstantial distance apart to provide relatively large openings orinterspaces for the useful purlVhat we claim, is:

1. A paper bag, composed of tightly twist ed flat strands-of paperinterwoven in openly spaced relation andpossessing water repellentproperties, the warp strands being more stiflixy resilient and havinggreater inherent tension than the weftstrands, and said warp strandsbeing permanently contracted with the weft strands embedded therein toeffect a locking union at the intersecting places in the strands.

f 2. A paper bag. fabric, composed of tightly twisted strands of paperinterwoven in spaced relation and possessing water repellent properties,and the weft lstrands being colored and embedded sharply in the warpstrands, and the warp strands being more stiffly resilient and havinggreater inherent tension than the weft strands.

3. A paper bag fabric, composed of tightlytwisted strands of paper ofcontrasting colors interwoven in spaced relation and possessing waterrepellent properties, the weft strands being more pliable than the warpstrands and sharply embedded in the stiffer strands.;

4. A paper bag fabric, composed of tightlyfi twisted strands of sizedpaper tightly interiso woven together in widely spaced relation, andincluding strands impregnated with a preservative oil, the weft strandsbein more pliable than the warp strands and em dded therein withinterlocking effect at the intersections.

5. A aper bag, formed of a piece of open mesh abrio composed oftightly-,twisted strands of paper treated with a preservative v andinterwoven together 1n interlocking union, the respective warp and weftstrands diiering in stiffness and the softer strands being embeddedlocally in the harder strands e at the intersections. 6. A paper b agfabric, composed of a'single flat piece of open mesh made of coloredstrands of ti htly-twisted paper'interwoven tightl togeler with othertightly-twisted stran s of paper treated with a preservative oil, saidopen mesh fabric having selvedges and folded at its middle between andarallel with its selvedges and the selvedges roughtv together to formthemouthof the bag.

7. A method of making a paper bag fabric, consisting in weaving wet anddry strands of l tightly-twisted paper into a flat o en mesh body,drying the wet strands of t e woven fabric under longitudinal tension,and then severing the same transversely from selved e 3 to selved e topermit the severed piece to x folded vmldway upon itself parallel withthe selvedges.

8. A method of making a paper bag fabric, `consisting in weaving wetstrands of tightlytwisted strips of paper treated with a 4preservativesubstance together with dry strands of tightly-twisted strips of papertreated with a preservative coloring substance, winding the-wovenmaterial in a roll, and drying the 40 wet strands while these wetstrands are under tension and tightly 4engaged with the dry strands.

9. A method of making bags, consisting in weavin .wet warp stran s otlghtly-twisted strips o paper in open net-work relation with dried weftstrands of tightly-twisted `strips of colored pa er, drying the wetstrands under tension su sequentto said weaving steps, and forming afiat bagfrom the completely I 50. dried m'aterlal.

In testimony whereof we aix our signatures.

' JOSEPH D. CRAMER.

l ALBERT J. ROGERS.'

